Plutonium in wildlife and soils at the Maralinga legacy site: persistence over decadal time scales
Identifieur interne : 004017 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004016; suivant : 004018Plutonium in wildlife and soils at the Maralinga legacy site: persistence over decadal time scales
Auteurs : M. P. Johansen [Australie] ; D. P. Child [Australie] ; E. Davis [Australie] ; C. Doering [Australie] ; J. J. Harrison [Australie] ; M. A. C. Hotchkis [Australie] ; T. E. Payne [Australie] ; S. Thiruvoth [Australie] ; J. R. Twining [Australie] ; M. D. Wood [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of environmental radioactivity [ 0265-931X ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Armement nucléaire, Explosion nucléaire, Retombée radioactive, Pollution sol, Pollution radioactive, Plutonium, Mobilité, Persistance, Impact environnement, Biota, Radioécologie, Mesure radioactivité, Reptilia, Mammalia, Arthropoda, Australie Méridionale, Radioisotope, Devenir polluant, Retombée atmosphérique.
- Wicri :
- topic : Pollution radioactive, Plutonium.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Arthropoda, Atmospheric fallout, Biota, Environment impact, Mammalia, Mobility, Nuclear explosion, Nuclear weapon, Persistence, Plutonium, Pollutant behavior, Radioactive fall out, Radioactive pollution, Radioactivity measurement, Radioecology, Radioisotope, Reptilia, Soil pollution, South Australia.
Abstract
The mobility of plutonium (Pu) in soils, and its uptake into a range of wildlife, were examined using recent and ∼25 year old data from the Taranaki area of the former Maralinga weapons test site, Australia. Since its initial deposition in the early 1960s, the dispersed Pu has been incorporated into the soil profile and food chain through natural processes, allowing for the study of Pu sequestration and dynamics in relatively undisturbed semi-arid conditions. The data indicate downward mobility of Pu in soil at rates of ∼0.2-0.3 cm per year for the most mobile fraction. As a result, while all of the Pu was initially deposited on the ground surface, approximately 93% and 62% remained in the top 0-2 cm depth after 25- and 50-years respectively. No large-scale lateral spreading of the Taranaki plume was observed. Pu activity concentrations in 0-1 cm soils with biotic crusts were not elevated when compared with nearby bare soils, although a small number of individual data suggest retention of Pu-containing particles may be occurring in some biotic crusts. Soil-to-animal transfer, as measured by concentration ratios (CRwo-soil), was 4.1E-04 (Geometric Mean (GM)) in mammals, which aligns well with those from similar species and conditions (such as the Nevada Test Site, US), but are lower than the GM of the international mammal data reported in the Wildlife Transfer Database (WTD). These lower values are likely due to the presence of a low-soluble, particulate form of the Pu in Maralinga soils. Arthropod concentration ratios (3.1E-03 GM), were similar to those from Rocky Flats, US, while values for reptiles (2.0E-02 GM) were higher than the WTD GM value which was dominated by data from Chernobyl. Comparison of uptake data spanning approximately 30 years indicates no decrease over time for mammals, and a potential increase for reptiles.
Affiliations:
- Australie, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Grand Manchester, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
- Manchester, Sydney
- Université de Salford
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Payne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiruvoth, S" sort="Thiruvoth, S" uniqKey="Thiruvoth S" first="S." last="Thiruvoth">S. Thiruvoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Twining, J R" sort="Twining, J R" uniqKey="Twining J" first="J. R." last="Twining">J. R. Twining</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Austral Radioecology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, M D" sort="Wood, M D" uniqKey="Wood M" first="M. D." last="Wood">M. D. 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P." last="Johansen">M. P. Johansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Child, D P" sort="Child, D P" uniqKey="Child D" first="D. P." last="Child">D. P. Child</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, E" sort="Davis, E" uniqKey="Davis E" first="E." last="Davis">E. Davis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doering, C" sort="Doering, C" uniqKey="Doering C" first="C." last="Doering">C. Doering</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency</s1><s2>Yallambie</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, J J" sort="Harrison, J J" uniqKey="Harrison J" first="J. J." last="Harrison">J. J. Harrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hotchkis, M A C" sort="Hotchkis, M A C" uniqKey="Hotchkis M" first="M. A. C." last="Hotchkis">M. A. C. Hotchkis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payne, T E" sort="Payne, T E" uniqKey="Payne T" first="T. E." last="Payne">T. E. Payne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiruvoth, S" sort="Thiruvoth, S" uniqKey="Thiruvoth S" first="S." last="Thiruvoth">S. Thiruvoth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001</s1><s2>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Twining, J R" sort="Twining, J R" uniqKey="Twining J" first="J. R." last="Twining">J. R. Twining</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Austral Radioecology</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, M D" sort="Wood, M D" uniqKey="Wood M" first="M. D." last="Wood">M. D. Wood</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>University of Salford</s1><s2>Manchester</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Salford</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of environmental radioactivity</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. environ. radioact.</title><idno type="ISSN">0265-931X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of environmental radioactivity</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. environ. radioact.</title><idno type="ISSN">0265-931X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Arthropoda</term><term>Atmospheric fallout</term><term>Biota</term><term>Environment impact</term><term>Mammalia</term><term>Mobility</term><term>Nuclear explosion</term><term>Nuclear weapon</term><term>Persistence</term><term>Plutonium</term><term>Pollutant behavior</term><term>Radioactive fall out</term><term>Radioactive pollution</term><term>Radioactivity measurement</term><term>Radioecology</term><term>Radioisotope</term><term>Reptilia</term><term>Soil pollution</term><term>South Australia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Armement nucléaire</term><term>Explosion nucléaire</term><term>Retombée radioactive</term><term>Pollution sol</term><term>Pollution radioactive</term><term>Plutonium</term><term>Mobilité</term><term>Persistance</term><term>Impact environnement</term><term>Biota</term><term>Radioécologie</term><term>Mesure radioactivité</term><term>Reptilia</term><term>Mammalia</term><term>Arthropoda</term><term>Australie Méridionale</term><term>Radioisotope</term><term>Devenir polluant</term><term>Retombée atmosphérique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pollution radioactive</term><term>Plutonium</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The mobility of plutonium (Pu) in soils, and its uptake into a range of wildlife, were examined using recent and ∼25 year old data from the Taranaki area of the former Maralinga weapons test site, Australia. Since its initial deposition in the early 1960s, the dispersed Pu has been incorporated into the soil profile and food chain through natural processes, allowing for the study of Pu sequestration and dynamics in relatively undisturbed semi-arid conditions. The data indicate downward mobility of Pu in soil at rates of ∼0.2-0.3 cm per year for the most mobile fraction. As a result, while all of the Pu was initially deposited on the ground surface, approximately 93% and 62% remained in the top 0-2 cm depth after 25- and 50-years respectively. No large-scale lateral spreading of the Taranaki plume was observed. Pu activity concentrations in 0-1 cm soils with biotic crusts were not elevated when compared with nearby bare soils, although a small number of individual data suggest retention of Pu-containing particles may be occurring in some biotic crusts. Soil-to-animal transfer, as measured by concentration ratios (CR<sub>wo-soil</sub>), was 4.1E-04 (Geometric Mean (GM)) in mammals, which aligns well with those from similar species and conditions (such as the Nevada Test Site, US), but are lower than the GM of the international mammal data reported in the Wildlife Transfer Database (WTD). These lower values are likely due to the presence of a low-soluble, particulate form of the Pu in Maralinga soils. Arthropod concentration ratios (3.1E-03 GM), were similar to those from Rocky Flats, US, while values for reptiles (2.0E-02 GM) were higher than the WTD GM value which was dominated by data from Chernobyl. Comparison of uptake data spanning approximately 30 years indicates no decrease over time for mammals, and a potential increase for reptiles.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Manchester</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li></region><settlement><li>Manchester</li><li>Sydney</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Salford</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Johansen, M P" sort="Johansen, M P" uniqKey="Johansen M" first="M. P." last="Johansen">M. P. Johansen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Child, D P" sort="Child, D P" uniqKey="Child D" first="D. P." last="Child">D. P. Child</name><name sortKey="Davis, E" sort="Davis, E" uniqKey="Davis E" first="E." last="Davis">E. Davis</name><name sortKey="Doering, C" sort="Doering, C" uniqKey="Doering C" first="C." last="Doering">C. Doering</name><name sortKey="Harrison, J J" sort="Harrison, J J" uniqKey="Harrison J" first="J. J." last="Harrison">J. J. Harrison</name><name sortKey="Hotchkis, M A C" sort="Hotchkis, M A C" uniqKey="Hotchkis M" first="M. A. C." last="Hotchkis">M. A. C. Hotchkis</name><name sortKey="Payne, T E" sort="Payne, T E" uniqKey="Payne T" first="T. E." last="Payne">T. E. Payne</name><name sortKey="Thiruvoth, S" sort="Thiruvoth, S" uniqKey="Thiruvoth S" first="S." last="Thiruvoth">S. Thiruvoth</name><name sortKey="Twining, J R" sort="Twining, J R" uniqKey="Twining J" first="J. R." last="Twining">J. R. Twining</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Wood, M D" sort="Wood, M D" uniqKey="Wood M" first="M. D." last="Wood">M. D. Wood</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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